[
The odds of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers are higher among people with HIV (PWH) and solid-organ transplant recipients (SOTRs), according to a study published in JAMA Network Open.
Eva Meglic, from the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, and colleagues compared the odds of HPV-related cancers in PWH and SOTRs with those in control participants in a nested case-control study. HPV-related cancer cases were matched with controls based on sex, year of birth and region of birth (32,093 cases and 320,930 matched control encounters).
The researchers found that compared with controls, both PWH and SOTRs had increased odds of HPV-related cancers (adjusted odds ratios, 4.50 and 2.23, respectively). The highest site-specific odds were seen for anal and penile cancer among PWH (adjusted odds ratios, 58.79 and 8.05, respectively) and for vulvar and penile cancers among SOTRs (adjusted odds ratios, 7.07 and 6.01, respectively), with variation by organ site and time since transplant.
Increased odds were associated with lower nadir and current CD4 counts (adjusted odds ratios, 5.90 and 8.62, respectively), shorter duration of viral suppression and higher peak plasma HIV RNA levels (adjusted odds ratios, 7.04 and 5.66, respectively) in PWH. In both groups, sociodemographic factors such as lower income and nonmarried status were associated with elevated odds.
“These findings underscore the need for strengthened prevention, including timely HPV vaccination, improved screening, and optimized immunosuppressive management to reduce the burden of HPV-related cancer in these populations,” the authors write.
Publication details
Eva Meglic et al, Human Papillomavirus–Related Cancer in People With HIV and Solid Organ Transplant Recipients, JAMA Network Open (2026). DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.20512
Journal information:
JAMA Network Open
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Odds of HPV-related cancers up for people with HIV and solid organ transplant recipients (2026, July 13)
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